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Information
Institutions ~ General
Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition
Report of the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices
· Focus on climate dividends
Climate Markets & Investment Association (CMIA)
International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP)
· “...an international forum for governments and public authorities that have implemented or
are planing to implement emissions trading systems (ETS).”
International Emissions Trading Association (IETA)
Institutions ~ Emissions trading systems
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
California Cap and Trade Program
European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ~ Legal point of view
Institutions ~ Private sector
Carbon markets
Global Carbon Markets Data Intelligence and Analytics Dashboard @ Ecosystem Marketplace
Carbon taxes
Border carbon adjustments & embedded emissions (imported/exported emissions)
Border carbon adjustments @ Brookings
Border carbon adjustments @ C2ES
Border carbon adjustments @ Climate strategies
Border carbon adjustments @ RFF
Mapped: The world's largest CO2 importers and exporters @ Carbon Brief
Select readings on carbon pricing
· In reverse chronological order.
Is carbon trading the next step towards decarbonization?
· 2022 ~ Pedro Ahlers ~ World Economic Forum
· Gives an insight of what carbon trading is and the market mechanisms behind it.
· Presents the importance of the private sector's role in making carbon trading effective through reducing carbon emissions.
· Presents how new business models for carbon trading will emerge in the future
· Describes the challenges of carbon trading in the new markets.
A clean innovation comparison between carbon tax and cap-and-trade system
· 2020 ~ You-hua Chen, et. al. ~ Energy Strategy Reviews
· Companies typically lose money under carbon taxes
· Effects of cap-and-trade system on profits are uncertain
Carbon pricing: Effectiveness and equity
· 2018 ~ James K. Boyce ~ Ecological Economics
· Presents the viewpoint that carbon pricing is ineffective in solving the root causes of carbon emissions, such as fossil fuel consumption.
· Argues that carbon pricing alone is insufficient and should be combined with policies to bring long term success with emission reductions.
· Explains how carbon dividends can both reduce and create inequality between different households
based on how much carbon footprint they leave.
Carbon pricing and deep de-carbonization
· 2018 ~ Tvinnereim, Endre, and Michael Mehling ~ Energy Policy
· Deep de-carbonization may not be attained through carbon pricing alone
· Carbon lock-in
· Phasing in innovation, phasing out obsolete technologies
Carbon Pricing: Effectiveness and Equity
· 2018, Boyce, James K, Ecological Economics
· Carbon price can be implemented via a tax or a cap on emissions
· Carbon taxes are intended to incentive companies to implement new, more sustainable policies
and infrastructure; relatively low-cost changes would be less costly than the tax
Carbon pricing versus emissions trading: A supply chain planning perspective
· 2015, Zakeri, Atefe, et al., International Journal of Production Economics
· Linked environmental regulatory policies to internal SC planning practice
· Inflection points where certain policies or practices could more meaningfully influence costs or emissions reductions
Implementing a US Carbon Tax: Challenges and Debates
· 2015, Morris, Adele, and Williams III, Roberton C., Taylor & Francis
· Failure of the 2009 federal Trading System (ETS)
· Reformation of power sector and transportation policies
· Effect of a carbon tax on the US's GDP growth rate
Towards global carbon pricing: Direct and indirect linking of carbon markets
· 2014 ~ Rob Dellink, et al. ~ OCED Journal: Economic Studies
· Presents carbon pricing as one of the most effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
· Explains the benefits and challenges of linking carbon pricing across different countries using data and graphs.
· Strongly advocates for international cooperation to link emissions trading schemes in order to
reduce the cost of international climate mitigation action.
Carbon markets: Past, present, and future
· 2014 ~ Richard G. Newell, et al. ~ Annual Review of Resource Economics
· Explains the policy design of carbon markets, and the potential limitations of implementing them.
· Presents surveys regarding carbon trading to show that carbon marketing is evolving.
· Highlights the importance of international institutions in supporting and addressing the challenges of carbon marketing.
Carbon taxes: A review of experience and policy design considerations
· 2009 ~ Jenny Sumner, Lori Bird and Hillary Smith ~ National Renewable Energy Laboratory
· Presents the importance of proper carbon tax policies.
· Explains how carbon taxes should be integrated with other carbon policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
· Claims that carbon tax revenues can be used to promote actions for decarbonization.
· 2009, Avi-Yonah et. al, Stanford Environmental Law Journal
· Advantages of carbon tax: simplicity and revenues
· Disadvantages of carbon tax: tax exemptions and political resistance
Making sense of the voluntary carbon market: A comparison of carbon offset standards
· 2008, Kollmuss, Anja, Helge Zink, and Clifford Polycarp, WWF Germany
· Carbon offsets are either compliance schemes or voluntary programs
· Voluntary offset markets function outside of the compliance markets
· Compliance markets are created and regulated by mandatory regional, national, and international carbon reduction regimes
This page includes coverage of climate dividends & carbon cap-&-trade systems.
Contents of this page:
· Information
· Institutions
~ General
~ Emissions trading systems
~ Private sector
· Carbon markets
· Carbon taxes
· Border carbon adjustments & embedded emissions (exported/imported emissions)
Carbon pricing: Taxes, markets & emissions trading systems
Rui Miura (2023) & Katerina McWilliam (2021) of Brandeis University contributed to this page.
